Don't forget to look at the buttons above for some of the more heavily researched herbal treatments.

Androstenedione: Prohibited in football not by baseball. Produced in gonads and adrenal and precursor of estrone and testosterone. High dose testosterone increases strength and muscle. Two women taking single 100mg dose had 400% increase in testosterone at 1 hr.

Arnica No Benefit: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2/5/03 DB PC of high dose, low dose, and placebo after carpal tunnel surgery. Results do not support the routine use of homeopathic arnica for preventing or reducing post-operative. Complementary Medicine doctor says 16 other studies are split on benefit. BBC Health 2/5/03

Artichoke Leaf Extract Helps Dyspepsia: In a 247-patient, 6-week DB PC study from Germany, the herb-treated (2 x 320 mg. t.i.d.) patients had a greater symptom improvement: 8.3 vs. 6.7. Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: a six-week placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial. Holtmann G, Adam B, Haag S, Collet W, Grunewald E, Windeck T. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Dec;18(11-12):1099-105

Artichoke Extract Doesn't Help Hangovers: An artichoke extract is being promoted by the health food industry for drinking hangovers. In a carefully done 15-person DB PC crossover study with 1 week washout using normal adults, no benefit was found from taking the recommended three capsules of extract before and after drinking. Measures used included a hangover scale, sleep time, and cognitive functioning 1 hour before and 10 hours after drinking a standard sizeable amount.  U. Exeter, Effectiveness of artichoke extract in preventing alcohol-induced hangovers: a randomized controlled trial. Pittler MH, White AR, Stevinson C, Ernst E. CMAJ. 2003 Dec 9;169(12):1269-73

Baptisia tinctoria for Immune Combined with Echinacea and Thuja occidentalis: These are sold as Esberitox by enzymatic Therapy www.enzy.com. Baptisia tinctoria is wild indigo. Thuja is white cedar. 

Bee Propolis Helps Women with Endometriosis: A small 40 patient DB PC Egyptian study of women with endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopy reports and at least two years of infertility gave 500 mg of bee propolis twice daily or a placebo for up to nine months. Of the patients taking bee propolis, 12 women (60%) became pregnant compared with four (20%) in the placebo group (P < .001). Ain Shams University. American Society of Reproductive Medicine ASRM 2003 Annual Meeting: Abstract O-84. Presented Oct. 13, 2003

Bilberry Promoted for Healthy Eye Function: Related to cranberries, only one human research and only one or two animal studies with bilberry and a study showing potential anti-carcinogenic substances in cranberry, bilberry and two related berries. Promoted by Puritan Pride for healthy eye function. Like blueberries, contains some resveratrol but only 10% that of grapes and damaged by heating. Bilberries from Poland and Finland. Contains quercetin and high amount of myricetinlike cranberries and blueberries. Promoted for fatigue in Altern Med Rev. 2001 Oct;6(5):450-9 without any mention to research in abstract.

Bilberries No Help Night Vision: DB PC crossover 15 receiving bilberry extract 160mg tid for 3 weeks with 4 week washout between crossover. Naval Aerospace Research Center, Florida. The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Muth ER, Laurent JM, Jasper P. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Apr;5(2):164-73

Black Cohosh and Soy Isoflavones No Benefit for Menopausal Symptoms: In a 12-week DB PC study of 124 postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms, a combination of soy isoflavones and black cohosh (Actaea racemosa Linnaeus: formerly called Cimicifuga racemosa L.) had no statistically significant benefit over placebo with both groups showing improvement. Effect of a combination of isoflavones and Actaea racemosa Linnaeus on climacteric symptoms in healthy symptomatic perimenopausal women: a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Verhoeven MO, et al. University Medical Center, Amsterdam. Menopause. 2005 Jul-Aug;12(4):412-20

Black Cohosh Mild Help Only for More Severe Menopausal Symptoms: In a 12-week DB PC study of 122 menopausal women with >/=3 hot flashes a day, the primary efficacy analysis showed no superiority of the tested black cohosh extract compared to placebo. However, in the subgroup of patients with a Kupperman Index>/=20 a significant superiority regarding this index could be demonstrated (P<0.018). A decrease of 47% and 21% was observed in the black cohosh and placebo group, respectively. The weekly weighted scores of hot flashes (P<0.052) and the Menopause Rating Scale (P<0.009) showed similar results. Prevalence and intensity of the adverse events did not differ in the two treatment groups. Cimicifuga racemosa dried ethanolic extract in menopausal disorders: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Frei-Kleiner S, et al. University of Basel, Switzerland. Maturitas. 2005 Aug 16;51(4):397-404.

Black Cohosh Said Effective: Review of eight studies says safe and effective for women who refuse estrogens or where unsafe. Lieberman, U Bridgeport, J Women Health 6/98;7:525. None of these eight studies are noted on PubMed.

Black Cohosh Not Estrogenic: Studies show it works by blocking serotonin temperature receptors. Judy Bolton, UIC, Sept. 10, ‘03 Society's Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Black Cohosh: for hot flashes, anx, and dysphoria of menopause as well as analgesic and to promote lactation and menses. Uncontrolled studies. One randomized study found equal to hormonal Rx for overian insufficienty. Another DB found better than placebo or estrogen for physical and mental menopause. Rx 40-200 mg/d with onset in 2 weeks. S-E= GI upset, headaches, dysphoria, cardiovasc depr. Avoid in preg or lactation. Albert Wong, U Toronto, Arch Gen Psychiatry 11/98 55:1033-44.

Borage Helped RA: 1.4g/d GLA vs cotton seed placebo in DB PC of 36 patients found a 36%-45% decrease in tender joints, swollen joints, and degree of pain. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gammalinolenic acid. Leventhal LJ, Boyce EG, Zurier RB., U Penn, Ann Intern Med 11/1/93;119:867-73

Borage Oil Didn't Help Eczema in Large DB: 160 patient in DB PC of borage oil 500mg/d for 24 weeks. Double-blind, multicentre analysis of the efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema. Henz BM, Jablonska S, van de Kerkhof PC, Stingl G, Blaszczyk M, Vandervalk PG, Veenhuizen R, Muggli R, Raederstorff D. Berlin. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Apr;140(4):685-8; Same result in Klin Padiatr. 1997 May-Jun;209(3):100-4

Borage Oil Didn't Help Atopic Dermatitis: In a 151-patient DB PC study, the patients assigned to placebo did non-significantly better than those assigned to the high dose borage oil (starflower oil) group. Evening primrose oil is very similar and has been promoted for eczema claiming benefit in data that has not been available to the public. Brit Med J 12/13/03; 2003;327:1358-1359, 1385-1387.

Borage Oil Marginal Benefit to Infants with Family History of Allergy: 118 bottle-fed infants with maternal history of allergies in DB PC given borage oil with 100mg GLA tid for first six months of life. It had no impact of the frequency of allergies developing in the infant although there was a non-significant tendency for the allergies to be less severe by an average of 23%. Gamma-linolenic acid supplementation for prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis--a randomized controlled trial in infants at high familial risk. van Gool CJ, Thijs C, Henquet CJ, van Houwelingen AC, Dagnelie PC, Schrander J, Menheere PP, van den brandt PA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Apr;77(4):943-51

Borage Oil Might Have Helped in Gingivitis: 30 periodontitis patients (very small study) in 12 week DB PC of borage oil 3 grams, fish oil 3 grams, half and half, or placebo found only borage oil had a significant beneficial effect with the other two treatment groups showing non-significant improvement. Pilot study of dietary fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of adult periodontitis. Rosenstein ED, Kushner LJ, Kramer N, Kazandjian G. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2003 Mar;68(3):213-8

Borage-Fish Oils Supplement Helped Premature Infants: In a DB PC study of 238 premature infants (<35 weeks), infants on formula were randomly assigned for half to receive a fish oil and borage oil supplement in the formula for nine months. Mental functions, weight, and length all significantly favored the supplemented group. Randomized, double-blind trial of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation with fish oil and borage oil in preterm infants. Fewtrell MS, Abbott RA, Kennedy K, Singhal A, Morley R, Caine E, Jamieson C, Cockburn F, Lucas A. Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow. J Pediatr. 2004 Apr;144(4):471-9

California Poppy: Increasing popularity for sleep although it has not been reviewed by German commission. Consumed at bedtime as a tea like chamomile. Connor.  There are no studies on PubMed as of 10/03

Carnosine Helped Autistic Children: A DB PC 8-week study of 31 autistic children half given l-carnosine 800 mg/day found statistically significant improvements on the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (total score and the Behavior, Socialization, and Communication subscales) and the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary test (all P < .05). Improved trends were noted on other outcome measures. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of L-carnosine supplementation in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Chez MG, Buchanan CP, Aimonovitch MC, Becker M, Schaefer K, Black C, Komen J. J Child Neurol. 2002 Nov;17(11):833-7.; L-carnosine sells for 30 500 mg capsules for $10. It is a natural dipeptide anti-oxidant with very little human research but a number of animal studies. It helps male fruit flies live longer but not females. It has some neuroprotective effect against methamphetamine in rats probably due to anti-oxidant action. It is sold as a "powerful" anti-oxidant.  It play a role in human muscles, its primary site of production. It lowers rat hypertension. It may help ulcer healing. Unless your a fruit fly or have an autistic child, I would hold off on carnosine until more research is available.

Cat's Claw Extract May Help Rheumatoid Arthritis: In a 24 week DB PC study of 40 adults with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing sulfasalazine or hydroxychloroquine treatment were enrolled in a randomized 52 week, those on Uncaria tomentosa (UT) had a reduction of the number of painful joints compared to placebo (53% vs 24%; p = 0.044). Patients receiving the UT extract only during the second 24-week phase experienced a reduction in the number of painful (p = 0.003) and swollen joints (p = 0.007) and the Ritchie Index (p = 0.004) compared to the values after 24 weeks of placebo. Only minor side effects were observed. Randomized double blind trial of an extract from the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Mur E, et al. Innsbruck University Hospital, Austria. . J Rheumatol. 2002 Apr;29(4):678-81.

Cat's Claw May Help Osteoarthritis: In a 4-week DB PC study of 45 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, those treated with freeze-dried U guianensis had pain associated with activity, medical and patient assessment scores significantly reduced, with benefits occurring within the first week of therapy. Knee pain at rest or at night, and knee circumference were not significantly reduced by cat's claw during this brief trial. In vitro tests indicated that U guianensis and U. tomentosa were equivalent at quenching DPPH radicals as well as inhibiting TNFalpha production. Efficacy and safety of freeze-dried cat's claw in osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms of action of the species Uncaria guianensis. Piscoya J, et al. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Inflamm Res. 2001 Sep;50(9):442-8. 

Chaparral May Cause Hepatitis: 18 cases reported to FDA ‘92-4 investigated. Some cholestatic, none viral. Two needed liver transplants. Shiekh, Arch Intern Med 4/97;157:913; No studies on PubMed 2/99 showing benefit, DB or otherwise. Antioxidant from desert shrub. Nutrition Action recommends totally avoiding it. 

Chasteberry for PMS: Used in Germany and claimed to have high level patient reported benefit but no controlled study in report on extract of the fruit of Vitex agnus castus (VAC, Vitex, chaste tree, Chasteberry) in 1634 patients suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). : J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000 Apr;9(3):315-20

Chasteberries, Calcium, B-6 May Help PMS: Calcium 1200 mg/d helped in DB of 466 with PMS using Tums with 52% decrease in symptoms vs. 35% for placebo (Am J Ob Gyn 179:444 ’98). BMJ 322:134 ’01 for 52% improved vs. 24% of placebo takers in 170 Germans studied. B-6 may help, but studies called flawed. (BMJ 318:1375 ’99).

Chasteberry Concoction Helped Fertility in Small Study: In a DB PC study of 30 infertile women with half using FertilityBlend (Daily Wellness Co., Sunnyvale, California), a proprietary nutritional supplement containing chasteberry and green tea extracts, L-arginine, vitamins (including folate) and mineral, after 3 months there was a trend toward an increase in mean midluteal phase progesterone level (from 8.2 to 12.8 ng/mL, P = .08) and a significant increase in the average number of days in the cycle with basal temperatures >37 degrees C during the luteal phase (6.8-9.7 days, P = .04) in the supplemented group only. After 5 months, 5 of the 15 women in the supplement group were pregnant (33%), and none of the 15 women in the placebo group were (P <.01). No significant side effects were noted. A nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women: a pilot study. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant AS, Mooney SB. Stanford University. J Reprod Med. 2004 Apr;49(4):289-93

Choline Helps Memory in Rats: Choline at human equivalent of second half of pregnancy and infancy and toddlerhood resulted in much better memory performance and less senile degeneration. J Neurosci 11/15/2000, Harvard. Choline high in liver, eggs with meat fairly high and peanut butter half of meat and a little in oranges and potatoes. Soy lecithin also a source. and could be used to fortify other foods.

Cineole Helped Sinusitis: Cineole is a type of oil found in some type of eucalytus oil, rosemary oil, bay leaves, and cinnamon. It is sold on the internet. A German 7-day DB PC study of 152 patients with non-purulent rhinosinusitis was done with half receiving 100 mg twice a day of cineole. In the cineole group, there was greater improvement in symptoms: headache on bending, frontal headache, sensitivity of pressure points of trigeminal nerve, impairment of general condition, nasal obstruction, and rhinological secretion. Mild side effects, possibly associated with medication, were observed in two patients as heartburn and exanthema after treatment with cineole. Authors recommend cineole trial is such patients before antibiotics. Therapy for Acute Nonpurulent Rhinosinusitis With Cineole: Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Kehrl W, Sonnemann U, Dethlefsen U. Marienkrankenhaus and Universitatsklinik Eppendorf. Laryngoscope. 2004 Apr;114(4):738-742. 

Cinnamon Good for Diabetics: Cinnamon's water-soluble polyphenol MHCP mimics insulin, activates its receptor, and works synergistically with insulin in cells. In a 40-day DB PC study of 60 adult Type 2 diabetics, one, three, or six grams of cinnamon powder a day in capsules after meals of placebos were given. All responded within weeks, with blood sugar levels that were on average 20 per cent lower than a control group. Some even achieved normal blood sugar levels. It also lowered blood levels of triglycerids 23-30% and "bad" LDL cholesterol 7-27%, which are also partly controlled by insulin. No significant HDL cholesterol change occurred. And in test tube experiments it neutralized free radicals. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Peshawar, Pakistan. Diabetes Care. 2003 Dec;26(12):3215-8. One gram works fine and research is being done on smaller amounts. (Cheapest at Am-Ko. $1.70 7 oz. of less than 1 cent per day). Similar benefits were found with the mouse model for type-2 diabetes. J Ethnopharm 2005 Oct 3

Comfrey Toxic: Several studies showing toxic to lab animals with cancer and liver damage and there is a case of an young adult vegetarian dying of liver failure after comfrey. Nutrition Action recommends totally avoiding comfrey. In agreement for comfrey tea, see Public Health Nutr. 2004 Oct;7(7):919-24. In Western Europe, comfrey has been applied for inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, thrombophlebitis and gout and as a treatment for diarrhea. Only recently was the use of comfrey leaves recognized as a substantial health hazard with hepatic toxicity in humans and carcinogenic potential in rodents. The main liver injury caused by comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is veno-occlusive disease, a non-thrombotic obliteration of small hepatic veins leading to cirrhosis and eventually liver failure. Patients may present with either acute or chronic clinical signs with portal hypertension, hepatomegaly and abdominal pain as the main features. Public Health Nutr. 2000 Dec;3(4A):501-8. It appears that oral comfrey preparations are banned in Germany, but not ointments. Comfrey tea is still available in the U.S. and U.K. One case had consumed large amounts of the tea. Arch Surg. 1990 Apr;125(4):525-7. On at least one herbal outlet, www.iherb.com , it is available only as an ointment for "relief of pain from burns, diaper rash, abrasions, cuts and stings." for 2 oz. at $5.69. Ed: I would definitely not use it for diaper rash. Also, honey is better for cuts, abrasions and most burns. However, for sprained ankles, I would be tempted to use the ointment as below.

Comfrey Cream Helped Sprained Ankles: In a 7-day DB PC study of the topical comfrey (Traumaplant: 10% active ingredient of a 2.5:1 aqueous ethanolic pressed juice of freshly harvested, cultivated comfrey herb corresponding to 25 g of fresh herb per 100 g of cream; n = 104) was tested against a 1% product (corresponding to 2.5 g of fresh comfrey herb in 100 g of cream; n = 99) in 203 patients with sprained ankles. With the high concentration, decrease of the scores for pain on active motion, pain at rest and functional impairment was highly significant and clinically relevant on days 3-4 as well as day 7 (p < 0.001). Reduced swellings as compared to placebo was occurred by day 3-4 (p < 0.01). Efficacy was judged good to excellent in 86% of cases vs. 66% of cases with reference on day 3-4. Overall tolerability was excellent. Efficacy and safety of topically applied Symphytum herb extract cream in the treatment of ankle distortion: results of a randomized controlled clinical double blind study. Kucera M, Barna M, et al. Charles University Prague, Czech Republic. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2004 Nov;154(21-22):498-507

Comfrey Cream Helped Sprained Ankles: In a DC PC study of 142 adult patients suffering from ankle sprains, an ointment of comfrey extract (Kytta-Salbe f, four treatments per day for 8 days) was clearly superior regarding the reduction of pain (p<0.0001) and ankle edema (p = 0.0001) as well as ankle mobility. No adverse drug reactions were reported. Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract (Extr. Rad. Symphyti) in the treatment of ankle distorsions: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Koll R, Buhr M, et al. Merck Selbstmedikation GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Phytomedicine. 2004 Sep;11(6):470-7.

Comfrey Cream Helped Muscular Back Pain: In a randomized study of topical Symphytum product Traumaplant(R) (Harras Pharma Curarina, Munchen, Germany) (10% active ingredient of a 2.5:1 aqueous-ethanolic pressed concentrate of freshly harvested, cultivated comfrey herb [Symphytum uplandicum Nyman], corresponding to 25 g of fresh herb per 100 g of cream) of 215 patients with myalgia were tested against a 1% product. With high concentration, back pain on active motion improved (P<.001) and pain on palpation. The number needed to treat was 3.2. Topical symphytum herb concentrate cream against myalgia: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. Kucera M, et al. Adv Ther 2005 Nov-Dec;22(6):681-92.

Devil's Claw Studied for Back Pain: A small German DB PC of 63 patients with mild or moderate muscle tension or mild muscular back-shoulder-neck pain given devil's claw extract 480 mg bid or placebo for 4 weeks. A clear clinical efficacy of devil's claw was found on the clinical global score and in the patient and physician ratings. Effects of Harpagophytum procumbens LI 174 (devil's claw) on sensory, motor und vascular muscle reagibility in the treatment of unspecific back pain. Gobel H, Heinze A, Ingwersen M, Niederberger U, Gerber D. Schmerz. 2001 Feb;15(1):10-8; It is also used in German for rheumatoid arthritis.  However, two studies show that it lacks any inhibitor effect of prostaglandin synthetase. Also, despite high doses, it was of no benefit for hind foot pain in a rat study. Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens): no evidence for anti-inflammatory activity in the treatment of arthritic disease. Whitehouse LW, Znamirowska M, Paul CJ. Can Med Assoc J. 1983 Aug 1;129(3):249-51.  There is very little research on devil's claw when compared to many other herbal treatments. Devil's claw is a South African plant of the sesame family. 

Devil's Claw Promoted for Arthritis: On the basis of a very sketchy study by the University of Freiburg in German in which 43 patients took devil's claw 60 mg and 36 took a standard NSAID pain medicine (Vioxx) for six weeks. Both groups did equally well (42% over 50% pain decrease vs. 33% with Vioxx) with a similar level of side-effect.  The study is not listed on PubMed and I only found a report in German of the manufacturer putting out a press release in June, 2003.  It does not appear that this study has been published in any refereed scientific journal.  AARP promoted Devil's Claw based on this very shaky study. The manufacturer also reports an earlier trial involving 122 patients with arthritis of the hip and/or the knee, a similar effect was seen. After 4 months, researchers concluded that devil's claw and a common prescription drug for osteoarthritis available in Europe were equally effective in treating osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. It is unclear whether either of these were double-blind or randomized. 

Dimethylglycine No Proven Value: Promoted for ADHD in book at GNC. Study on athletic enhancement. Ann Pharmacother @’92;26:935; DB study for epilepsy 28 days 300-600mg/d without toxicity but also no benefit. Epilepsia ’89;30:90; Pangamic acid (calcium gluconate and dimethylglycine) no benefit treadmill athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exer ’82; Di-methylglycine a tertiary amino acid supposedly enhances oxygen tissue use and complexes free radicals. May enhance immune response. J Infect Dis ‘81;143:101; No human or even animal studies on Pubmed 3/20/99 except lack of benefit with epilepsy.

DMAE pushed for Intelligence & Life Span: 300-1000 mg BID. Ginger promoted for Rx depression, rubidium chloride, inkephalin, Siberian ginseng, evening primrose, pumpkin seeds and gingko. As well as dl phenylalnine for which there are supposedly DB studies.

Dong Quai No Help for Menopause: Weil promotes it for "every woman" as a general tonic for when feel lethargy, overwhelmed or menstruation problems. DB PC 24 week 71 women with hot flashes and menopause. No diff from placebo on vaginal ultrasound, vaginal cell maturation, or menopause symptoms. Hirata, Kaiser-Perm, Fert Steril ’97;68:981. This was the only mention of Dong Quai on PubMed 3/11/99. This provides some evidence that Weil is a quack.

Elderberry Extract Helped Influenza-B in DB: An Israeli kibbutz DB PC study of Sambucol, a proprietary extract of elderberry, reported that 90% of patients taking Sambucol had recovered within 2-3 days whereas a similar level of improvement with placebo patients occurred in 6 days. In vitro studies report the extract active against 10 different strains including 3 A, 3 B, and swine, and turkey influenza strains. Hebrew Univ-Hadassah, Jerusalem. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. Zakay-Rones Z, Varsano N, Zlotnik M, Manor O, Regev L, Schlesinger M, Mumcuoglu M. J Altern Complement Med. 1995 Winter;1(4):361-9. Ed: A word of caution. At least one of the researchers is behind the proprietary brand and appears biased in denigrating all other elderberry extracts.  The company claims a second independent study has been done by the Univ. of Oslo with similar results.

Ephedra Linked to Many Deaths and Disease: Chinese med herb (ma huang) given for weight control and energy. Linked to HBP, headaches, seizure, and at least dozens, maybe hundreds, of deaths. Also cases of serious liver toxicity. No studies showing of benefit on PubMed 2/99.  By far the most dangerous herb.  Banned in many countries.

Evening Primrose Oil: See Borage oil, a very similar, high GLA oil.

Feverfew Review Says Not Enough Evidence of Migraine Headache Benefit: In a meta-analysis of DB PC studies considered scientifically acceptable, five trials (343 patients) were mixed and did not convincingly establish that feverfew is efficacious for preventing migraine. Only mild and transient adverse events were reported in the included trials. Univ Exeter. Feverfew for preventing migraine. Pittler M, Ernst E. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;1:CD002286

Thomas E. Radecki, M.D., J.D.

 modern-psychiatry.com