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Yogurt and Yogurt-Like Bacteria Help Gastro-Intestinal Disease Atopic Dermatitis: Lactobacilli Help GI Symptoms in AD Children: In a 6-week DB PC study of small intestinal inflammation in 41 children with atopic dermatitis, lactobacilli (Lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070-2 and L reuteri DSM 12246) decreased gastrointestinal symptoms (39% for placebo vs. 10% lactobacilli, P = .002). There was a positive association between the lactulose to mannitol ratio and the severity of the eczema ( r = 0.61, P = .02 after placebo and r = 0.53, P = .05 after active treatment). After probiotic treatment, the lactulose to mannitol ratio was lower (0.073) than after placebo (0.110, P = .001). Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal permeability in children with atopic dermatitis. Rosenfeldt V, Benfeldt E, et al. J Pediatr. 2004 Nov;145(5):612-616. Celiac Sprue: Lactobacillus Sourdough Bread Well-Tolerated: Normally, wheat products cause serious problems for celiac sprue patients. However, sourdough bread using a lactobacillus starter instead of a yeast starter had a much better breakdown of a peptide harmful to these patients. Sourdough bread made from wheat and nontoxic flours and started with selected lactobacilli is tolerated in celiac sprue patients. Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Auricchio S, Greco L, Clarke C, De Vincenzi M, Giovannini C, D'Archivio M, Landolfo F, Parrilli G, Minervini F, Arendt E, Gobbetti M. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Feb;70(2):1088-96 Colic: Lactobacillus Milk Reduced Colic and Antibiotic Use in Infants: In a 9-month DB PC Johns Hopkins study of 118 infants 3-24 months of age, half were given a milk-based formula with bifidilactobacillus and streptococcus thermophilus similar to the bacteria found in live yogurt. There was a considerably lower level of colic or irritability as well as antibiotic use in the probiotic formula. There was no evidence of ill effects. Long-term consumption of infant formulas containing live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety. Saavedra JM, Abi-Hanna A, Moore N, Yolken RH. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Feb;79(2):261-7 Constipation Helped by Yogurt Lactobacillus: In a German DB PC study of 70 patients with chronic constipation, two ounces a day of a beverage containing L. casei found that 89% of patients on the beverage had a positive effect on their constipation vs. 56% on placebo. Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation. Koebnick C, Wagner I, Leitzmann P, Stern U, Zunft HJ. Can J Gastroenterol. 2003 Nov;17(11):655-9 Constipation in Children Not Helped by Lactobacillus: In a 12-week DB PC study of 84 children with constipation (<3 spontaneous bowel movements [BMs] per week for at least 12 weeks) with all taking 1 mL/kg/day of 70% lactulose, those getting lactobacillus LGG orally twice daily did no better for soiling or constipation. Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus GG as an adjunct to lactulose for the treatment of constipation in children: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Banaszkiewicz A, Szajewska H. J Pediatr. 2005 Mar;146(3):364-9. Crohn's Disease Not Helped by Lactobacillus Capsules: In an Italian 1-year DB PC study of 45 patients, no difference could be found endoscopically or by clinical symptoms between the Lactobacillus group and placebo. Probiotics and Crohn's disease. Prantera C, Scribano ML. Dig Liver Dis. 2002 Sep;34 Suppl 2:S66-7; Apparently, the same study in Gut. 2002 Sep;51(3):405-9; Crohn's Disease: L. salivarius and B. Infantis helped a mouse colitis model of Crohn's disease. Gut. 2003 Jul;52(7):975-80; A study is currently underway using L. GG for childhood Crohn's at 7 U.S. university med centers. Dig Liver Dis. 2002 Sep;34 Suppl 2:S63-5; A Univ. Chicago open trial of just 4 children reported a 73% improvement after four weeks on a L. GG tablet twice a day. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000 Oct;31(4):453-7; Lactobacillus is not decreased in Crohn's, but Bifidobacillus, the other bacillus in ordinary yogurt, is. Dig Dis Sci. 1997 Apr;42(4):817-22 Crohn's: Type of Lactobacillus Might be Important: The rat strain Lactobacillus reuteri R2LC, but not the human strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, was of benefit in reducing the severity of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. These results suggest that it is not the total amount of Lactobacillus but the particular species or strain of Lactobacillus that is important. Univ. Helsinki. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jun;36(6):630-5 Crohn's: Not Helped by Lactobacillus Capsules: Eleven patients with moderate to active Crohn's disease received either L. GG (2 x 10(9) CFU/day)(CAG Functional Foods, Omaha, NE) or placebo for six months. All patients were started on a tapering steroid regime and received antibiotics for the week before the probiotic/placebo medication was initiated. Only 5 of 11 patients finished the study, with 2 patients in each group in sustained remission. The median time to relapse was 16 weeks for L. GG and 12 weeks for placebo (p = 0.5). Lactobacillus GG in inducing and maintaining remission of Crohn's disease. Schultz M, Timmer A, Herfarth HH, Sartor RB, Vanderhoof JA, Rath HC. University of Regensburg, Germany. BMC Gastroenterol. 2004 Mar 15;4(1):5 Probiotic Yogurt Helped Children with H. Pylori Infection: In a DB PC study of 86 children with symptomatic H. pylori infections of the stomach, all received the standard eradication therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (OAC) for 7 days. The half who also received yogurt with Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) DN-114 001 had Intention-to-treat (ITT) based eradication rates of 85%, and 92% by per-protocol (PP) analysis vs. 57% and 61% without the yogurt (P = 0.0045) and (P = 0.0019). Effects of a Specially Designed Fermented Milk Product Containing Probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 and the Eradication of H. pylori in Children: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study. Sykora J, et al. Charles University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep;39(8):692-698. Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Yogurt Like Bacteria Help: 50 IBS patients took Lactobacillus Plantarum and Bifidocterium Breve or placebo for 4 weeks. Pain score in different abdominal locations after treatment decreased in probiotics group by 38% versus 18% (P < 0.05) for the placebo after 14 days and 52% versus 11% (P < 0.001) after 28 days. The severity score after 14 days 49.6% versus 9.9% (P < 0.001) and after 28 days (44.4% versus 8.5%, P < 0.001). Probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Saggioro A. Venice, Italy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul;38(6 Suppl):S104-6 Irritable Bowel Syndrome Said to Have Improved: In a very small, uncontrolled Italian report of giving yogurt bacteria to 10 patients with IBS, the authors report that they clinical symptoms improved. Effects of probiotic administration upon the composition and enzymatic activity of human fecal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or functional diarrhea. Brigidi P, Vitali B, Swennen E, Bazzocchi G, Matteuzzi D. Res Microbiol. 2001 Oct;152(8):735-41 Irritable Bowel Syndrome Helped by L. Plantarum: In a 40-patient Polish DB PC 1-month study of L. plantarum given in suspension, those on the lactobacillus had a 95% improvement in IBS symptoms vs. 15% for placebo. Pain and relief of constipation were notable. A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Niedzielin K, Kordecki H, Birkenfeld B. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Oct;13(10):1143-7 Irritable Bowel Syndrome Not Helped by L. plantarum: In a 12-patient DB PC crossover study with four weeks of a L. plantarum beverage, there was no difference in bowel fermentation or symptoms of IBS. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on colonic fermentation and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Sen S, Mullan MM, Parker TJ, Woolner JT, Tarry SA, Hunter JO. Dig Dis Sci. 2002 Nov;47(11):2615-20 Irritable Bowel Not Helped by L. Casei Tablets: In an Irish DB PC study of 24 patients, those given L. casei in tablet form did no better than placebo treated patients. Bacterial supplementation in the irritable bowel syndrome. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. O'Sullivan MA, O'Morain CA. Dig Liver Dis. 2000 May;32(4):294-301 Lactose Malabsorption: Live Yogurt but not Standard Yogurt Helps Lactose Malabsorption: In a study of 12 men with lactose malabsorption and 12 controls, chronic consumption of yogurt containing live bacterial cultures ameliorated the malabsorption, as evidenced by lower breath-hydrogen excretion, but increased propionate concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;72(6):1474-9; Numerous earlier studies have found the same results. Lactose Malabsorption: Common in Nursing Homes and Helped by Live Yogurt: In a study of 53 healthy nursing home patients, 36% were found to be lactose intolerant. Those randomly assigned to live-culture yogurt did best, while those receiving pasteurized yogurt were intermediate, and milk drinking had the most H2 breath excretion. Effects of yogurt and fermented-then-pasteurized milk on lactose absorption in an institutionalized elderly group. Varela-Moreiras G, Antoine JM, Ruiz-Roso B, Varela G. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992 Apr;11(2):168-71 Liver: Hepatic Encephalopathy: Minimal HE Helped by Probiotic or Fermentable Fiber Lower Ammonia: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) caused by cirrhosis is often treatment with lactulose. 97 cirrhotic patients with MHE were randomized to receive a synbiotic preparation (n = 20), fermentable fiber (n = 20), or placebo (n = 15) for 30 days. Patients were found to have substantial derangements in the gut flora, with fecal overgrowth of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococci. Synbiotic treatment significantly increased the fecal content of non-urease-producing Lactobacillus species at the expense of these other bacterial species and led to a significant reduction in blood ammonia levels and reversal of MHE in 50% of patients. Fermentable fiber alone was also of benefit. Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Liu Q, Duan ZP, Ha da K, Bengmark S, Kurtovic J, Riordan SM. Beijing, China. Liver: Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Patients Helped: 30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCV-related Child B liver cirrhosis were randomly allocated into three groups: rifaximine 400mg t.i.d. for 2 weeks; (B) SCM-III (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacteria) 10 ml t.i.d. for 2 weeks; (C) rifaximine 400mg t.i.d. for 1 week followed by SCM-III 10ml t.i.d. for 5 weeks. Symbiotic treatment was comparably effective while given to patients but significantly elevated BZDs level were noted starting from the third week. Similar phenomena were noted for endotoxin and ammonia although symbiotic seemed more effective against endotoxin and rifaximine against ammonia increase. However, the sequential treatment rifaximine-symbiotic brought about a sustained normalization of BZDs, ammonia and endotoxin throughout the 6-week study. Endotoxinemia and benzodiazepine-like substances in compensated cirrhotic patients: a randomized study comparing the effect of rifaximine alone and in association with a symbiotic preparation. Lighthouse J, Naito Y, Helmy A, Hotten P, Fuji H, Min CH, Yoshioka M, Marotta F. Nagoya, Japan. Hepatol Res. 2004 Mar;28(3):155-160 Peptic Ulcers: Yogurt Suppressed Bacterial Cause of Ulcers: In a study of 59 adult volunteers intentionally infected with H. pylori, the primary cause of stomach ulcers, eating standard yogurt twice a day after a meal for 6 weeks considerably lowered H. pylori activity compared to 11 controls (P < 0.0001). Effects of ingesting Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt in subjects with colonized Helicobacter pylori. Wang KY, Li SN, et al. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):737-41. Pouchitis Markedly Improved by Yogurt Bacteria: In a 9-month, University of Bologna DB PC study of 40 pouchitis patients, the 20 given 6 g packets of yogurt bacilli (lacto-, and bifidobacilli, and S. thermophilus) had only 3 relapses (15%) vs. 20 relapses (100%) for the placebo group. Pouchitis is the major long-term complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Most patients have relapsing disease. Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Brigidi P, Matteuzzi D, Bazzocchi G, Poggioli G, Miglioli M, Campieri M. Gastroenterology. 2000 Aug;119(2):305-9 Pouchitis Prevented by Lactobacillus Fermented Product: 39 patients, who underwent an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis between 1996 and 2001, started immediately after the operation with the daily intake of L. rhamnosus GG in a fermented product were compared to 78 similar patients, in whom an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed between 1989 and 1996, received no L. rhamnosus GG. First episodes of pouchitis were observed less frequently in patients with a daily intake of L. rhamnosus GG (cumulative risk at 3 years: 7% vs. 29%; P = 0.011). Delay of the first onset of pouchitis by oral intake of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Gosselink MP, Schouten WR, van Lieshout LM, Hop WC, Laman JD, Ruseler-van Embden JG. Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Jun;47(6):876-84 Ulcerative Colitis Markedly Improved with Bifido Yogurt: In a Japanese DB PC 1-year study of 21 UC patients, only 3 of 11 of those on one cup per day of bifidobacterium fermented milk had endoscopically confirmed relapses vs. 9 of 10 on placebo. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. Ishikawa H, Akedo I, Umesaki Y, Tanaka R, Imaoka A, Otani T. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Feb;22(1):56-63 Ulcerative Colitis Helped by Bifidobacterium Capsules: In an 8-week, 30-patient Chinese DB PC study of UC patients in remission with the help of steroids and sulfa, patients on the probiotic capsules had many fewer endoscopically confirmed relapses, 3 vs. 14. The effects of bifidobacterium on the intestinal mucosa of the patients with ulcerative colitis Cui HH, Chen CL, Wang JD, Yang YJ, Sun Y, Wang YD, Lai ZS. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2003 Aug;42(8):554-7; The yogurt bacteria has also been effective in mice for ulcerative colitis (Digestion. 2003;67(1-2):90-5) and enterocolitis. Ulcerative Colitis Patients Appear Helped Without Meds: In 20 UC patients either allergic to or intolerant of 5-ASA, the standard UC treatment, a one year trial of yogurt bacteria in a commercial preparation resulted in 80% being relapse free. Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Venturi A, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Johansson R, Zucconi E, Brigidi P, Matteuzzi D, Campieri M. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Aug;13(8):1103-8 Not Many Bacteria Found: In a DB PC study of 114 healthy young volunteers, the presence in human feces of the yogurt organisms Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophilus after repeated yogurt consumption (15 days) in total fecal DNA by bacterial culture and PCR assay was consistently negative. DNA compatible with yogurt bacteria was found by hybridization experiments in only 11% after consumption of fresh yogurt and in 2% after pasteurized yogurt (P = 0.01). Scarce evidence of yogurt lactic Acid bacteria in human feces after daily yogurt consumption by healthy volunteers. Del Campo R, Bravo D, et al. Madrid, Spain. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jan;71(1):547-9 Thomas E. Radecki, M.D., J.D. modern-psychiatry.com
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